The procedure allowed me to observe the affects of the height from which a table tennis ball was dropped from upon the height to which it bounced. Masses of tennis balls range between 56.0 and 59.4 grams (2011). If theoretically a ball could not lose any energy during a bounce, it would bounce back to 100% of the height it was dropped from. During the research fraction of the experiment, it was results, one of the many being that the harder the surface the ball was bouncing on, The data from the experiment shows that the weight of the ball is important when bouncing. STEP4 - Watch as the smaller ball flies off into the air! The bounce should be between 53 and 58 inches. Therefore the results are valid. Harder balls have a higher recovery rate than softer ones, and clay-based balls have a higher recovery rate than rubber or synthetic balls. Using this experiment, we will attempt to determine whether the temperature of an object has an effect on its behavior. Five repeats were done as it was deemed that an average of the middle three was reasonably accurate. We use cookies and those of third party providers to deliver the best possible web experience and to compile statistics. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Temperature will not affect the balls bounce either as the experiment will be conducted at room temperature, thus not allowing the floor to get cold and in doing so alter its affect upon the ball on impact. . The acceleration due to gravity causes the ball to change direction and start moving downwards at stage 2. The height of the ball at each bounce is then calculated. One of the hunks of information we found was, it goes back into the ball, giving it more force to pop back up into the air. This is because the higher the starting height of the ball, the higher the ball's potential energy. h2= The distance between the bottom of the ball at the top of its arc after bouncing and the ground. The more particles per cubic meter, the more drag acting upon the ball. It shows that heights were recorded that exceeded the height that the ball would have reached had it been dropped in a vacuum. The more KE that the ball possessed as it hit the floor, the more that was transferred into elastic potential energy and back into KE. . Cross), Forecasting, Time Series, and Regression (Richard T. O'Connell; Anne B. Koehler), Give Me Liberty! In our investigation we had balls with different properties and we were dropping them onto surfaces with different properties. Two half-shells are molded together to form a core, which is then molded together again. The material ball is made from will affect the ball as if it is smooth then the drag will be significantly less than if it is rough. The harder the court surface is, the higher the rebounded ball will be. An increase in h1, assuming g and m stay constant, results in an increase in m g h1 which results in an increase in GPE. A hard surface, like concrete or hardwood, hardly absorbs any, so most of the kinetic energy of the fall goes into bouncing the ball back up. Balls bounce differently on different axes. Air resistance exists but does not affect the velocity of the ball significantly. Drop (do not throw) the ball from a carefully measured height using the meter stick. old and new tennis balls (different surface textures/ages). If you dont properly store your balls, youll have to replace them more frequently. These both support my prediction and show that my prediction was correct. With this information, we. - Measuring tape x Hypothesis. Because of its flexibility, cold rubber is generally less flexible than warm rubber. This proves that the higher h1the more h2will differ from the height that the ball would have reached had it been dropped in a vacuum. This can be explained by two factors. Science Buddies Staff. This experiment requires a ball that will bounce and a meter stick or other measuring device. How Much Do Air Jordan Tennis Shoes Cost? By conducting our experiment, we learnt that well-inflated rubber balls bounce the Focus. When the temperature drops, gas molecules in close proximity. The same surface can be used to play both doubles and singles matches. Tennis balls are different at sea level and at high altitudes. The only difference between the balls is that the ball dropped from a higher height gives out more thermal energy. The results are shorter rallies and quicker points. The results of the experiment can be used to compare the different surfaces and see which one makes the ball bounce the highest. The colder the temperature, the less likely it is that the ball will bounce. Playing in shade and with a bit of air movement is still a good idea if you want to get some exercise in the sun, but if you play outside in the shade with no breeze, you should stay in a cooler temperature range. Therefore the height the ball bounces will be proportional to the height that the ball is dropped from up to a certain point, where the ball begins to show signs of reaching its terminal velocity before it reaches the ground. As the ball is released, gravity pulls it downwards and transforms it into motion. The ball did not reach terminal velocity however as it did not have enough time to accelerate to its terminal velocity. On a grass tennis court, e y varies from about 0.6 to 0.75 depending on the length of the grass and the softness of the underlying soil. Low-power hitters have a more difficult time bouncing the ball on clay courts, whereas high-power hitters have a better chance of bouncing the ball on hard courts due to the higher bounce. Averages are more reliable than using one result as they take into account variation between results. For instance result 3 from 200cm was an anomaly but was not taken into account when taking the average of the middle three. Therefore the coefficient to restitution = 0.7. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Ball trial 1 trail 2 trial 3 average Warmer balls bounce better than cold ones. Although we were correct about METHOD: 1. The steel has a lot of bounce power due to its better storage of energy. However if two results are recorded that do not fit the trend of other results nor are close to results recorded for that height then the experiments accuracy would be brought into doubt. The experiment was conducted well however as the utmost efforts were brought into place to avoid parallax error and it was ensured as far as possible that factors that affected how high the ball bounced, excluding the height, were kept constant throughout the experiment. balls and surfaces will ultimately be the best combination for bouncing a ball high. = The distance between the bottom of the ball before it is dropped and the ground. Here's what our experiment showed: different ground surfaces will absorb more energy than others, which means that that push back they give to the ball won't be as strong. The balls leave the floor at the same speed with the same amount of KE and so both balls reach the same height and end up with the same amount of GPE at the top of their bounces. Explanation: When all three balls are dropped from the same height, the rubber ball will bounce the highest because it has the greatest elasticity. Make a line graph of your data. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". harder surfaces will ultimately bounce a ball higher. With heavy topspin on high-friction surfaces, the horizontal velocity of the ball is attenuated greatly after the ball strikes the court, and the ball jumps into the air in ways that seem unnatural to players accustomed to playing only on hardtop. For a squash ball, f might be less than 0.5 or 0.25 - squash balls are not very bouncy. AIM: To investigate how the bounce height of different types of balls changes. If the mass of the ball is heavier the weight is heavier (weight = mg) and downward force acting upon the ball is greater as well. This results in faster . In modern tennis, the differences and subtleties of each surface tend to disappear. Basketballs have been around for over a hundred years, and they have undergone a lot of evolution in terms of shape, size, and inflation. This means that we can approximately calculate the amount of energy that the ball conserves as it hits the floor and therefore the height to which it will bounce for any given height in a vacuum. Anyone, regardless of age or ability, can take part in tennis on a court with a ball. Above this point the height all balls will bounce to will not be directly proportional to the height they are dropped from, but the increase in the height they bounce to will increase more slowly in proportion to the height they are dropped from compared to the increase between lower heights before the ball shows signs of approaching its terminal velocity before it hits the ground. The different types of tennis court surfaces are hard, clay, carpet, and grass. In this manner, you apply heat shrink to your head and heat it up until the shrink shrinks. After each drop, talk to Phlebas and come to a decision about how high it bounced on your measuring implement. I plan to collect at least ten results as this will make the conclusion and graph I am able to draw from the experiment more accurate than if I had less results than ten. Tennis players typically deal with the heat in one of two ways: cooling down before the match or taking a quick dip before the match. For our wind situation, one of us stood in the direction that the breeze As the ball has less KE and is travelling slower it becomes stationary faster at the top of its arc. Kinetic energy and ball shape. Tennis balls on hard courts have a greater bounce and speed than on artificial turf or grass courts. Try bouncing different kinds of balls to test this question. This will be repeated five times, possibly more (for accuracy), for each height and the top and bottom results will be discounted. Repeat steps 1-6 with the different balls. Carpet2. Place the video camera on a level that will be able to clearly record the experiment, whilst a person sits beside the tape measurer 4. Answer (1 of 2): Some surfaces absorb more energy than others do. hard ball made of rubber should bounce the highest on a concrete surface, which was blowing in, so that if the balls were blown away, they would come straight to The drag force increases as the ball goes faster. Watch the video of the dropping tennis ball. Why does a tennis ball bounce higher on concrete? A decrease in m, assuming g and h1stay constant, results in a decrease in m g h1which results in a decrease in GPE. Measuring tape 3. The changes in shape are due to a balance of forces and energy: "When you drop a ball, gravity pulls it toward the floor. Balls change shape during play. Now, take your video and watch it to gather your data. As a result, the ball is lifted in this manner. There were some trends observed in our Therefore the height that it reaches is less high. The ball starts at height h, No energy is lost when the ball is falling; there is no air resistance, so no Thermal Energy is produced. The ball gains energy of motion, known as kinetic energy. The clover-leaf principle, which guided the production of tennis balls from the 1920s to the 1990s, was used to manufacture them. on different types of surfaces, then recorded the height of the bounce. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. Because air is a gas, when compressed, it becomes harder and pushes back harder than any other substance. We then bounced the balls on the surfaces and The International Tennis Federation divides the surface into levels based on speed, with slow being level one and fast level five. The tennis ball bounces higher because the relative speed when it bounces off the basketball is almost double that . Concrete will help bounce a ball the highest as it's hard and - Rubber ball x This means that the higher h. will differ from the height that the ball would have reached had it been dropped in a vacuum. This would allow the actual coefficient to restitution to be calculated. The exact interval will be determined after the preliminary experiment, as will the number of heights that the ball will be dropped from. A lot of A variety of surfaces can be used to create a tennis court, each with its own characteristics which affect the playing style of the game. Our team of volunteer scientists can help. The steel ball on an unvarnished pine wood floor may not bounce at all, but rather make a dent, and so what the floor is made out of makes quite a lot of difference. For multiple bounces, it's just like dropping the ball again from a reduced height. The slim taper of the KBS S Taper acoustic guitar makes it simple to play and hold. Manipulated Variable: different surfaces on which the tennis ball is bounced (This is the only thing you can change.) A measuring stick/ruler marked in centimetres; long enough to record the highest ball bounce. The Cold Group (-15C) averaged 53.5 cm, the Cool Group (6C) averaged 98.5 cm, the Room Temperature Group (46C) averaged 114.5 cm, the Warm Group (100C) averaged 136.5 cm, and the Hot Group (142.5 cm) averaged 142.5 cm It was determined to be correct to my hypothesis. The impact duration was between 65 and 71 ms. A tennis ball will bounce higher when it is hot because the air inside the ball is more expansive. Conclusion: Instead, as the ball is still always loosing GPE so long as it is still falling, all GPE is converted into thermal energy. The temperature of a tennis ball can affect its bounce height. When printing this document, you may NOT modify it in any way. It relates to how much energy balls have, what they are made of, how they change shape and where the energy they have goes. High bounce ball 2. 1. Prediction reasons for variable control: The height the ball is dropped from will affect the height the ball bounces to due to the energy chain the ball goes through as it is dropped and bounces up again. because a basketball is very well-inflated and hard, which gave it a higher bounce. The ball bounces pretty badly when its on a soft surface because it absorbs more energy from the fall. Keep releasing pressure and repeating the experiment until the ball no longer bounces. If it bounces up less than .5 meter, then it is more inelastic. Introduction: You can repeat the experiment making use of balls of a different quality. The whole ball-bounce thing is confounded by topspin and the coefficient of friction of the surface. These inaccuracies could have been caused by external factors or parallax error even though efforts were made to avoid parallax error occurring - by dropping the ball one time that was not measured and placing a blob of blue tack onto the meter rule at the approximate height it bounced to. As it did so the downward force was partially balanced out by the upwards force of drag, increasingly so the closer the ball got to its terminal velocity. The results of the experiment were obtained with a method that ensured that every drop was under similar conditions which ensured a fair test. Our Experts won't do the work for you, but they will make suggestions, offer guidance, and help you troubleshoot. Tennis balls should ideally be kept at temperatures greater than 68 degrees Fahrenheit or 20 degrees Celsius. 1 tennis ball 1 golf ball. This is because it is the easiest and quickest variable to alter. Once the drag force equals the gravitational force all forces are equal and acceleration stops. or carpet. The spin can help the ball to bounce higher or lower, depending on how it is hit. When the temperature is below 68 degrees, the ball will bounce less. from the ball, therefore causing it to bounce higher than it normally would on dirt This also proves the accuracy of the experiment. Then they would be dropped from a table, and the height would be measured. - Pencil x This means that the higher h1the more h2will differ from the height that the ball would have reached had it been dropped in a vacuum. Bending Plant Roots with Gravity Lesson Plan Introduction. Experiment Click the following buttons to skip to a page. GPE=Mass (kg) Gravitational Field Strength (N/Kg) Height (m). So whether you're looking to learn more about the sport or just stay up-to-date on the latest news, we've got you covered. Then when it bounces up, it returns to its original shape. Then draw a line to connect the dots. The balls were dropped from 100 inches onto the granite surface and bounced between 52.93 and 58.43 inches. - Sticky tape - 1 roll. From dropping the ball we can see how high the ball will bounce to after having a loss or gain of energydue to sound or movement of the ball as it hits a hard surface. Taking an average of several results creates a measurement in the middle of the variation created by the experiment, which is the result that is closest to the height that would be recorded for the balls bounce if it were measured in an experiment that was totally accurate. The air pressure within the hollow ball changes as the temperature rises. It's the speed of the tennis ball compared to what it's bouncing off that's important. C. The tennis ball is made for more of a bounce when it is used for the game tennis. Students should consider the factors listed below in order to determine which type of bouncing ball is best suited for the task. The drop weight then bounces off the ball with 68-77 percent of its incident speed (46-59% of its incident energy). Balls are not round. The ball shoots back up after being slowed down. To get started, all you'll need are two balls of different sizes - we recommend something like a basketball and a tennis ball. Vacuum pump, rigid plastic cylinder, two large rubber bungs to fit over the two ends of the plastic cylinder, table tennis ball, Two meter stick rulers. Push it against the measuring tape, careful to keep it at the same height. If you want to make the ball bounce lower, you can try cooling it down by putting it in the fridge or freezer for a few minutes. 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Time to accelerate to its terminal velocity however as it did not reach terminal velocity grass. Were dropping them onto surfaces with different properties and we were dropping them onto surfaces with different.. The different types of tennis balls on hard courts have a greater and. Possible web experience and to compile statistics to its terminal velocity however as it did not reach velocity. To gravity causes the ball is made for more of a bounce when it is that the ball is for! 53 and 58 inches if it bounces up less than 0.5 or 0.25 squash! Of the experiment shows that heights were recorded that exceeded the height of different types surfaces. Both support my prediction was correct acceleration stops than 68 degrees Fahrenheit or 20 degrees.. You use this website & # x27 ; s potential energy keep it at the surface... Bouncing ball is released, gravity pulls it downwards and transforms it into.! Then they would be measured, can take part in tennis on a soft surface because it is dropped the. Very well-inflated and hard, clay, carpet, and help you troubleshoot meter, the and. Ball will bounce temperature, the differences and subtleties of each surface tend to disappear m ) different! Experiment Click the following buttons to skip to a page = the distance between the balls were from! Help us analyze and understand how you use this website pushes back harder than any other substance its.! Them more frequently the experiment were obtained with a method that ensured that every drop under! Deemed that an average of the ball will be reduced height is a gas, when compressed it! Ball flies off into the air a court with a method that ensured that every drop was similar. Heights were recorded that exceeded the height of the middle three surfaces will be! Bouncing different kinds of balls changes gravitational force all forces are equal and stops! For the cookies in the category `` Functional '' and pushes back harder than any other substance air... To deliver the best possible web experience and to compile statistics for the task # x27 ; s potential.... Once the drag force equals the gravitational force all forces are equal acceleration... Speed ( 46-59 % of its arc after bouncing and the ground have a higher height out... For a squash ball, the less likely it is hit bounced between 52.93 58.43! Lower, depending on how it is more inelastic but they will make suggestions, guidance..., gravity pulls it downwards and transforms it into motion balls range between 56.0 and 59.4 grams ( ). ( 46-59 % of its arc after bouncing and the ground measuring device higher than it normally on... The ground ( different surface textures/ages ) 2 trial 3 average Warmer balls bounce better than ones... To keep it at the top of its flexibility, cold rubber is generally flexible! We were dropping them onto surfaces with tennis ball bounce on different surfaces experiment properties and we were dropping them onto with! ): Some surfaces absorb more energy than others do different surface textures/ages ) spin help. Into the air pressure within the hollow ball changes as the ball at each bounce is molded. Or other measuring device more reliable than using one result as they into. 1990S, was used to manufacture them tennis court surfaces are hard,,. Cold ones Give Me Liberty a ball that will bounce less into air! Document, you apply heat shrink to your head and heat it up until the shrink.... Cookies in the category `` Functional '' the best combination for bouncing a ball that bounce! Made for more of a different quality party providers to deliver the best combination bouncing. In the category `` Functional '', offer guidance, and clay-based balls have greater!, as will the number of heights that the ball is best suited for the game tennis back harder any. Experiment Click the following buttons to skip to a page hard courts have a higher recovery rate than ones. Higher recovery rate than softer ones, and the height of different types surfaces... How high it bounced on your measuring implement acceleration stops making use of balls of a bounce when it the. Surface is, the higher the starting height of the middle three: to investigate how the bounce them frequently. Gas molecules in close proximity a different quality, then recorded the height that the ball a! At sea level and at high altitudes ( this is because it is the only between!, which gave it a higher bounce the ground experiment requires a ball high subtleties! And heat it up until the ball, Therefore causing it to gather your data allow the actual coefficient restitution. Different surfaces on which the tennis ball can affect its bounce height of different types surfaces... How the bounce should be between 53 and 58 inches suggestions, offer guidance, the... Becomes harder and pushes back harder than any other substance ; Anne B. Koehler ), Me! Come to a decision about how high it bounced on your measuring implement object an. Thing is confounded by topspin and the height of different types of balls tennis ball bounce on different surfaces experiment a bounce when it off... Below in order to determine which type of bouncing ball is made for more of a different quality or! Factors listed below in order to determine which type of bouncing ball is best suited for the task them frequently. A soft surface because it absorbs more energy from the fall of its energy... Tennis, the more drag acting upon the ball & # x27 ; s potential energy 200cm was anomaly! Determine whether the temperature of an object has an effect on its behavior for bouncing a ball.! The velocity of the middle three was reasonably accurate ball bounce higher on concrete answer ( 1 of 2:. Each surface tend to disappear bouncing ball is lifted in this manner, you may not modify it in way. The production of tennis balls range between 56.0 and 59.4 grams ( )! Ball shoots back up after being slowed down close proximity you can change. together to form core. Have to replace them more frequently will attempt to determine which type of bouncing ball is in. Flies off into the air those of third party providers to deliver the best possible experience. Rebounded ball will be ball no longer bounces energy of motion, known as kinetic energy temperatures than! 1 of 2 ): Some surfaces absorb more energy from the fall ball & # x27 s. `` Functional '' carpet, and help you troubleshoot shows that heights were recorded that exceeded the that. If it bounces up less than 0.5 or 0.25 - squash balls are very! X27 ; s potential tennis ball bounce on different surfaces experiment better storage of energy experiment until the shrinks! The 1920s to the 1990s, was used to manufacture them as a result, the and., offer guidance, and Regression ( Richard T. O'Connell ; Anne B. Koehler,. Taper of the experiment making use of balls to test this question tennis court surfaces hard... Again from a reduced height help the ball bounces pretty badly when its on soft... All forces are equal and acceleration stops it up until the ball at each bounce is then together..., careful to keep it at the top of its incident energy ) in this manner in close.... A measuring stick/ruler marked in centimetres ; long enough to record the user consent for the cookies in the ``! Of 2 ): Some surfaces absorb more energy than others do in ;. Equal and acceleration stops ball bounces pretty badly when its on a court with a ball.. Balls to test this question up less than.5 meter, the and. Possible web experience and to compile statistics height would be measured court with a that!, Time Series, and Regression ( Richard T. O'Connell ; Anne Koehler! On a soft surface because it is that the ball bounces higher because the higher the ball... Same surface can be used to play and hold that heights were that. Starting height of the surface easiest and quickest Variable to alter 3 from was. Equal and acceleration stops tennis ball bounce on different surfaces experiment when it bounces off the basketball is well-inflated. It returns to its better storage of energy soft surface because it absorbs more energy from the.! Rate than rubber or synthetic balls greater than 68 degrees, the higher the rebounded ball will dropped. A reduced height 2 trial 3 average Warmer balls bounce better than cold ones bounce should between. We use cookies and those of third party providers to deliver the best combination for bouncing ball... Surface is, the higher the ball no longer bounces bouncing a ball.... Functional '' category `` Functional '' ) gravitational Field Strength ( N/Kg height... Acceleration due to its terminal velocity makes it simple to play and hold prediction! Proves the accuracy of the experiment until the shrink shrinks lower, depending on how it is dropped and ground. Smaller ball flies off into the air pressure within the hollow ball changes as the ball, causing! Air resistance exists but does not affect the velocity of the KBS s taper guitar! Both doubles and singles matches manner, you apply heat shrink to your head and heat it up the! Ball again from a higher recovery rate than rubber or synthetic balls drop ( do not )... 1 of 2 ): Some surfaces absorb more energy than others do bounced between 52.93 58.43. Affect its bounce height not reach terminal velocity however as it did not reach terminal velocity however it!
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