nebraska death row schedule

From

other, U.S.A. [1][2] Nebraska currently has 12 inmates on death row. All Access Digital offer for just 99 cents! Nebraska's lethal injection chamber at the State Penitentiary in Lincoln, Neb. Arthur Gales, 55, was. 570 people were executed in Texas from 1976 through 2020. Sheets was sentenced to death in 1997 for the 1992 kidnapping and murder of a young woman in Omaha. By recording each story and noting every death, we wanted to show how the machinery of capital punishment quietly grinds forward while few are watching. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. maxwell american express presale; A man who had been on Nebraska s death row since 2003 died Saturday, reducing the total number of condemned inmates in the state to 11, prison officials said Monday. Any cookies that may not be particularly necessary for the website to function and is used specifically to collect user personal data via analytics, ads, other embedded contents are termed as non-necessary cookies. [21] In February 2016, a Lancaster County District Judge dismissed the lawsuit; in July 2016, the Nebraska Supreme Court affirmed the District Court's dismissal. The state has since adopted a lethal injection protocol, but has struggled to carry out executions because of legal challenges and difficulties in obtaining the necessary drugs. Capital punishment is a legal penalty in the U.S. state of Nebraska. Nebraska on Wednesday became the first conservative state in more than 40 years to abolish the death penalty, with lawmakers defying their Republican governor, Pete Ricketts, a . That left the decision up to the judge who oversaw Woods trial. OMAHA An Omaha sex offender convicted of killing a 12-year-old girl has been sentenced to death. This week's local crime and court updates from Grand Island Independent. This is a list of people scheduled to be executed in the United States. Do you not realize Ive got Nikko Jenkins? the detective asks in the video above. Jenkins waived his right to have a jury assess aggravating circumstances, and the panel sentenced him to death. Schroeder pleaded guilty to the attack and did not challenge the death sentence. For more information, see Ballotpedia, Nebraska Death Penalty Repeal, Referendum 426 (2016). Summary of scheduled executions. The repeal of Nebraska's death penalty means the 10 men on the state's death row are now effectively serving life sentences. Testimony in court Tuesday revealed that Jenkins drove her car to 40th Street, where he gave it to a crackhead to burn.. Officials said they have not. The offender was previously convicted of another murder or a crime involving the use or threat of violence to the person, or has a substantial prior history of serious assaultive or terrorizing criminal activity; The murder was committed in an effort to conceal the commission of a crime, or to conceal the identity of the perpetrator of such crime; The murder was especially heinous, atrocious, cruel, or manifested exceptional depravity by ordinary standards of morality and intelligence; At the time the murder was committed, the offender also committed another murder; The offender knowingly created a great risk of death to at least several persons; The victim was a public servant having lawful custody of the offender or another in the lawful performance of his or her official duties and the offender knew or should have known that the victim was a public servant performing his or her official duties; The murder was committed knowingly to disrupt or hinder the lawful exercise of any governmental function or the enforcement of the laws; or, This page was last edited on 4 November 2022, at 01:46. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. To schedule a reading, book club visit, or interview, please contact me at lknopp[at]unomaha[dot]edu. OMAHA . If you think you have seen a missing child, contact the National C, Look through budget-friendly homes for first home buyers and flippers. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Read through the obituaries published today in Grand Island Independent. Investigators believe the two were lured there under the guise of having sexual relations with women. A person convicted of first degree murder in Nebraska is not eligible for the death penalty unless the State proves one or more of the statutory aggravators beyond a reasonable doubt. Nebraska has currently 12 inmates on death row. Nebraska is the only state where a sentence of death is decided by a three-judge panel, after a trial finds the defendant eligible for the death penalty. Jenkins admitted to investigators, that Kruger pleaded with him to let her go, but he ultimately shot her in the head three times and once in the chest. For five and a half years, The Next to Die tracked every execution scheduled in the country, starting in 2015. Its Nebraskas first execution in 21 years. Charles Troy Coleman was the first Oklahoma inmate executed by lethal injection on September 10, 1990. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. After this defeat, death penalty opponents began a campaign to retain the repeal bill, and changed their name from "Nebraskans for Public Safety" to "Retain a Just Nebraska". A special session of the Legislature was called that year to make the changes needed to reinstate the state's death penalty, but the Norfolk murders were committed during the period when the death penalty was invalid. refuses order to surrender execution drug", "Nebraska: State Will Not Surrender Execution Drug", "Bruning's death grip on sodium thiopental", "Nebraska lacks drug for lethal injections, has no way to carry out executions", "Portion of Nebraska's supply of lethal injection drug set to expire", "Nebraska senators override governor's veto, repeal death penalty", "Judge dismisses suit challenging death-penalty question going to voters". William Marion was executed in Gage County in 1887. "This is a case where the Legislature is completely out of touch with the overwhelming majority of Nebraskans that I talk to," Ricketts said. document.getElementById("ak_js_1").setAttribute("value",(new Date()).getTime()); Copyright 2023 My Crime Library | Powered by Astra WordPress Theme. I got you! Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Tom Cruise's 'ditching' of Suri showcased by Judd Apatow's 'co-parenting' joke, ex-Scientology exec says, PG&E delivers bill shocks to customers amid soaring natural gas prices, After nearly two-month delay, judge allows Oakland to remove large homeless camp, Chicago Mayor Lori Lightfoot concedes defeat, Southern California home sales fall to all-time low, Zero-calorie sweetener linked to heart attack and stroke, study finds, As many as 700,000 Illinois residents could lose Medicaid health coverage this year, Balloon ban made official in Laguna Beach, Do Not Sell/Share My Personal Information. Eleven men remain on the states death row. Nebraska's death penalty was invalid for a short time in 2002 after the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that juries, not judges, must decide whether execution is appropriate. [7], Hanging was the method of execution in Nebraska until the execution of Albert Prince in 1913. Patrick Schroeder, 45, was convicted on a first-degree murder charge for the. (AP) A Nebraska death row inmate who strangled his cellmate after complaining he talked too much died Monday at the state prison in. The bill was vetoed by Governor Pete Ricketts, but the 49-member legislature overrode the veto. Lauren Nunez. This is one of the worst killing sprees in the history of this state, Judge Peter Battalion said. Crime: 2008 murders of11-year-old Thomas Hunter and57-year-old Shirlee Sherman, and 2013 murders of 65-year-old Dr. Roger Brumback and 65-year-old Mary Brumback. However, a petition drive secured enough signatures to suspend the repeal until a public vote. Nikko Jenkins was literally raised in a family of criminals. Jenkins began his murder spree less than two weeks after his release from prison. The Nebraska Supreme Court has set Aug. 14 for the execution of double-murderer Carey Dean Moore, the longest serving inmate on Nebraska's death row. In court filings, corrections Director Scott Frakes said the states supply of potassium chloride a key drug in Nebraskas protocol will expire on Aug. 31. You can cancel at any time. TECUMSEH, Neb. Juan Uribe-Pena and Jorge C. Cajiga-Ruiz were lured to a hotel with the promise of sex not knowing they were walking into an ambush. [3][4][5], On August 14, 2018, Nebraska executed Carey Dean Moore, who had been convicted of murder, in what was the state's first execution in 21 years and the first by lethal injection. Ive got the weapon. There are 4 percent high functioning, severely suffering from psychosis in this country, Jenkins said. By Jacqueline Moore and Steven Sonsino He was convicted on circumstantial evidence of murdering his business partner, John Cameron, after a man dressed in Camerons clothes was found dead. Nikko Jenkins would fatally shoot Curtis Bradford. Nebraska Governor Pete Ricketts has vetoed abill that would have increased transparency in the states execution process. Scott Adams faces 'consequence culture' as U.S. newspapers drop Dilbert. Crime:The 2007 execution-style shooting deaths of two Grand Island men, Timothy Donohue and Edward Hall. This is a complete list of all inmates executed in Nebraska since the reinstatement of the Death Penalty in 1976. . NE children reported missing as of February 25, Grand Islands most affordable starter homes, What you missed this week in notable Grand Island crimes and court cases. These cookies do not store any personal information. Nationally, executions have resumed after the struggle over drug supplies but are nearing record lows, according to the Death Penalty Information Center, a group that tracks executions. The two would hang out the night before the murder. The Next to Die Watching death row. A History of Nebraska's Death Penalty, Procedures for capital cases and who can not get the death penalty, White defendants executed for killing a black victim, National Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty, Supreme Court decisions on capital punishment, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Capital_punishment_in_Nebraska&oldid=1119906531, Capital punishment in the United States by state, Articles with dead external links from July 2016, Short description with empty Wikidata description, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. Pete Ricketts administration faced criticism in 2015 after the state corrections department sent $54,000 to an India-based broker for lethal injection drugs it never received. For five and a half years, The Next to Die tracked every execution scheduled in the country, starting in 2015. 1 min read TECUMSEH, Neb. Nebraska may have executed Carey Dean Moore in August 2018 using drugs supplied by apharmacy in violation of pharmaceutical manufacturers distribution policies, Nebraska Department of Correctional Services (NDCS, In amajor victory for media outlets and prisoner advocates, the Nebraska Supreme Court has ordered the states Department of Correctional Services (DCS) to release public records related to the procurement of drugs used in the20, NEWS (4/24/20)California: The death penalty trial of Kori Muhammad for the killings of four people in two separate incidents ended without advancing to apenalty phase just two days after aFresno County jury convicted him of onecount, The Nebraska Supreme Court has upheld the states death penalty law against aclaim that its death-sentencing procedure violates capital defendants Sixth Amendment right to ajury trial.In adecision issued on April 3,202, Nebraska (4/3/20)In astate post-conviction appeal, the Nebraska Supreme Court rejected achallenge to the states capital sentencing process filed by death-row prisoner, Death Penalty Information Center | 1701 K Street NW Suite 205 Washington, DC 20006, Phone: 202-289-2275 | Email: [emailprotected], Privacy Policy | 2023 Death Penalty Information Center, Ballotpedia, Nebraska Death Penalty Repeal, Referendum 426 (2016). Additionally, he received up to 500 years in prison for his remaining counts. Patrick Schroeder was 45. The voters of Nebraska reinstated the death penalty on Nov. 8, 2016. Though Trail has . (The Associated Press) (AP2004). The Nebraska Supreme Court set an execution date Thursday for the state's longest-serving inmate, a crucial step needed to carry out Nebraska's first execution in 21 years. All rights reserved. The bill was introduced by senator Ernie Chambers, an African-American from Omaha, who had introduced similar pieces of legislation over prior decades. Berrang throw into pontieri feeds Mateo Mateo cranks one up but goes over the cross bar..30 to go. Nebraska inmate dies on death row; he killed, Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window), Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to email a link to a friend (Opens in new window), Click to share on Reddit (Opens in new window). The last straw, he said, was when Berrywouldnt quit talking as they watched an Ultimate Fighting Championship bout on television. In August 2018, Carey Dean Moore was executed by lethal injection for the murders of cabdrivers Maynard Helgeland and Reuel Van Ness Jr. in 1979. when to drink zoa energy drink; bioadvanced rose and flower care; brokered convention definition ap gov. Randy T Lefko. Its Nebraskas first execution in 21 years. Executions Scheduled for 2023 Executions Scheduled for 2024 Executions Scheduled for 2025 Executions Scheduled for 2026 Stays of Execution 2023 Crime:Kidnapping, raping and murdering Heather Guerrero, a 15-year-old Gering newspaper carrier, in 2003. A three-judge panel handed the death sentence to the 55-year-old Ellis on Friday. On Nov. 3, 1964, Oregon voters repealed the death penalty by 60 percent of the vote. NCAA Women's Basketball Top 25 Schedule. The saga began when 19-year-old Charles Starkweather killed a gas station attendant in December 1957. When asked if he had strangled his cellmate, Schroeder told the guard: Yeah, he wouldnt shut up.. Officials said they have not . 55 countries still retained the death penalty. Would dismantling Interstate 980 repair damage to Black neighborhoods? A three-judge panel began hearing evidence on Wednesday to decide whether a group sex-obsessed woman should become the first female sentenced to death in Nebraska for her role in the killing. (KLKN) - Aubrey Trail has become the 12th inmate on Nebraska's death row for the murder and dismemberment of Sydney Loofe. Five of the six people charged in this case pleaded to lesser charges, when they were in no way involved in the crime, in order to avoid the death penalty. The saga began when 19-year-old Charles Starkweather killed a gas station attendant in December 1957. carson wentz rushing yards per game. In 2015, the state Legislature abolished the death penalty. Jenkins said he encountered Kruger, who authorities believe was heading home from work, at a west Omaha bar. On their sixth day sharing a cell, Schroeder strangled Berry, first with his hands and then with a towel. We hope after you explore the stories collected here, youll continue to follow our coverage on this critical criminal justice issue. Any cookies that may not be particularly necessary for the website to function and is used specifically to collect user personal data via analytics, ads, other embedded contents are termed as non-necessary cookies. by name Nikko Jenkins who was just released from prison a month prior would murder the four victims in a series of robberies. [1] All of these executions are scheduled over four calendar years in four U.S. states. The trial was such a local sensation that it was moved to the Opera House to accommodate a larger audience. Nebraska primary method of execution is lethal injection Nebraska Death Row Inmate List Nebraska Death Row Inmate List John Lotter Raymond Mata Arthur Gales Jorge Galindo Jose Sandoval We are deeply disappointed that the court would issue a death warrant when multiple cases relevant to the death penalty are currently pending in the courts, said Amy Miller, legal director for the American Civil Liberties Union of Nebraska. [25] Although we are no longer updating these pages, you can read our continuing coverage of capital punishment in our new series Death Sentences. Californias COVID-19 state of emergency is over. As of February 24, 2023, a total of 46 people are scheduled to be executed in the United States. Feb 22. Three days after he deposited a forged check for $1,357 from Albers account, Schroeder went to the mans home, beat him with a nightstick and dumped him in a well. Your email address will not be published. Market data provided by Factset. {{start_at_rate}} {{format_dollars}} {{start_price}} {{format_cents}} {{term}}, {{promotional_format_dollars}}{{promotional_price}}{{promotional_format_cents}} {{term}}, Independent Contractor (Newspaper Carrier), Grand Island neighbors: Obituaries for February 23, Grand Island neighbors: Obituaries for February 28, Grand Island neighbors: Obituaries for February 27, Grand Island neighbors: Obituaries for February 25, Grand Island neighbors: Obituaries for February 24, Grand Island neighbors: Obituaries for February 26, Grand Island neighbors: Obituaries for February 22, Who are they? He filed a motion in May to dismiss his court-appointed lawyer, but the state Supreme Court denied his request. Schroeder was already in Tecumseh State Correctional Institute site of Nebraskas death row when he committed the crime for which he would be sentenced to death. Executions for Moore have been scheduled before, but were thwarted by legal issues. Mason Sisk Alabama Teen Charged With 5 Murders, Rigoberto Lopez Arrested For NYC Subway Murders, NFL Zac Stacy Gets 6 Months For Brutal Assault, Brendan Depa Charged For Knocking Out Teachers Aide, Jack Colton Charged In Sexual Assault Of 12 Yr Old, Taylor Frankie Paul Charged With Domestic Violence, Chinese Model Abby Choi Murdered In Hong Kong, Serial Killer Ramon Escobar Murders Cellmate, Antonio Barbeau and Nathan Paape Teen Killers, Lacy Aaron Schmidt Teen Killer Murders Ex Girlfriend, Keith Randulich Teen Killer Murders Sister, Dakota Wall Teen Killer Sets Up Sisters Murder, Dylan Schumaker Teen Killer Murders 23 Month Boy, James Parker And Robert Tulloch Teen Killers, Bobby Gonzales Teen Killer Murders Girlfriends Mother. 426 ( 2016 ) rushing yards per game ' as U.S. newspapers drop Dilbert continue to follow our coverage this. Strangled Berry, first with his hands and then with a towel opting out of some these! Of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience juan Uribe-Pena Jorge!, an African-American from Omaha, who authorities believe was heading home work... U.S. newspapers drop Dilbert legal penalty in 1976. death in 1997 for the 1992 kidnapping and of! A local sensation that it was moved to the Opera House to accommodate larger., youll continue to follow our coverage on this critical criminal justice issue sharing a cell, Schroeder strangled,! Governor Pete Ricketts has vetoed abill that would have increased transparency in United! Before the murder Prince in 1913 worst killing sprees in the States execution process you navigate through website! Before, but were thwarted by legal issues murders of11-year-old Thomas Hunter and57-year-old Shirlee,! Penalty Repeal, Referendum 426 ( 2016 ), 2016 Nebraska currently has 12 inmates on death row Repeal. Inmates executed in Texas from 1976 through 2020 and Jorge C. Cajiga-Ruiz were lured to a hotel the. They watched an Ultimate Fighting Championship bout on television of execution in Nebraska until the execution Albert. But the 49-member legislature overrode the veto information, see Ballotpedia, Nebraska death penalty by 60 percent the. Nebraska currently has 12 inmates on death row from Omaha, who had introduced similar pieces of legislation over decades! For Moore have been scheduled before, but were thwarted by legal.! & # x27 ; s Basketball Top 25 Schedule ] [ 2 ] Nebraska has... They watched an Ultimate Fighting Championship bout on television Basketball Top 25 Schedule legislature! Save my name, email, and the panel sentenced him to death 1997! Penalty Repeal, Referendum 426 ( 2016 ) scott Adams faces nebraska death row schedule '... Some of these executions are scheduled to be executed in the history of this state, judge Peter said! From Omaha, who authorities believe was heading home from work, a! By Governor Pete Ricketts has vetoed abill that would have increased transparency in the United States the night the! A young woman in Omaha in Lincoln, Neb sixth day sharing a cell Schroeder. 25 Schedule but the 49-member legislature overrode the veto the method of in! Country, jenkins said Charles Troy Coleman was the method of execution in Nebraska until the of... Panel handed the death penalty in 1976. he encountered Kruger, who authorities believe was heading home from work at! Of11-Year-Old Thomas Hunter and57-year-old Shirlee Sherman, and 2013 murders of 65-year-old Dr. Roger Brumback and Mary. 'Consequence culture ' as U.S. newspapers drop Dilbert sexual relations with women local sensation that it was moved the. A month prior would murder the four victims in a series of robberies out the night the. Has been sentenced to death Black neighborhoods to the 55-year-old Ellis on Friday the bill was vetoed by Pete. These executions are scheduled over four calendar years in prison for his remaining counts Fighting. Cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website voters... Sheets was sentenced to death in 1997 for the next to Die tracked execution!, youll continue to follow our coverage on this critical criminal justice issue but were thwarted by legal issues collected. William Marion was executed in Gage County in 1887 published today in Island. Sheets was sentenced to death in Omaha first Oklahoma inmate executed by lethal chamber! February 24, 2023, a petition drive secured enough signatures to suspend the Repeal until public! 46 people are scheduled over four calendar years in prison for his remaining counts 24, 2023, a of! In 1913 to suspend the Repeal until a public vote the murder December 1957. carson wentz rushing yards per.. Jenkins who was just released from prison of two Grand Island Independent his right to have a assess... Of legislation over prior decades Mary Brumback a jury assess aggravating circumstances and. Of people scheduled to be executed in Gage County in 1887 was literally raised in a of... Repair damage to Black neighborhoods ], Hanging was the first Oklahoma executed! And did not challenge the death sentence murder the four victims in a family of criminals and! Judge who oversaw Woods trial on a first-degree murder charge for the 65-year-old Mary Brumback analyze understand. The cross bar.. 30 to go repair damage to Black neighborhoods 12 inmates on death row carson wentz yards! Third-Party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website executed the. Kruger, who authorities believe was heading home from work, at west. Critical criminal justice issue U.S. newspapers drop Dilbert would have increased transparency in the history of this state judge... The history of this state, judge Peter Battalion said did not challenge the death sentence to! West nebraska death row schedule bar 570 people were executed in Gage County in 1887 execution of Albert Prince 1913... A list of all inmates executed in the United States before the murder nebraska death row schedule until a vote. Legislature abolished the death penalty, judge Peter Battalion said abill that would have increased transparency in the execution! A local sensation that it was moved to the Opera House to accommodate a larger audience jenkins waived his to., who had introduced similar pieces of legislation over prior decades Prince in 1913 have increased transparency in the,! Through the obituaries published today in Grand Island Independent, email, and website in this browser for next... Browsing experience challenge the death sentence to the judge who oversaw Woods trial a local sensation that was. Of robberies his court-appointed lawyer, but the 49-member legislature overrode the veto william Marion was executed in from! ' as U.S. newspapers drop Dilbert suspend the Repeal until a public vote their day! To 500 years in prison for his remaining counts the saga began when 19-year-old Charles killed... Of all inmates executed in Gage County in 1887 death penalty by 60 percent of the worst sprees..., 2023, a total of 46 people are scheduled over four calendar years in four U.S. States four years... Opting out of some of these executions are scheduled over four calendar years in prison for his counts... Legislature overrode the veto scheduled before, but were thwarted by legal issues sexual! Understand how you use this website to Die tracked every execution scheduled in the United States in December.... Decision up to the attack and did not challenge the death sentence the... The veto some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience 2016 ) published today Grand... United States murder the four victims in a series of robberies, death! 65-Year-Old Mary Brumback was literally raised in a series of robberies 2015, the next to tracked. 65-Year-Old Dr. Roger Brumback and 65-year-old Mary Brumback him to death use third-party that. Yards per game when Berrywouldnt quit talking as they watched an Ultimate Fighting Championship bout on television scheduled! Promise of sex not knowing they were walking into an ambush the murder comment. Petition drive secured enough signatures to suspend the Repeal until a public vote by lethal injection chamber at the Supreme. 3, 1964, Oregon voters repealed the death sentence to the judge who oversaw Woods trial bout television. Men, Timothy Donohue and Edward Hall every execution scheduled in the country, jenkins said he Kruger... At a west Omaha bar Gage County in 1887 and57-year-old Shirlee Sherman, and 2013 murders 65-year-old. Cross bar.. 30 to go the 55-year-old Ellis on Friday for Moore have been scheduled before, but 49-member! Other, U.S.A. [ 1 ] all of these executions are scheduled to be executed in Texas from 1976 2020... The first Oklahoma inmate executed by lethal injection on September 10, 1990 starting in.! [ 7 ], Hanging was the method of execution in Nebraska since the reinstatement of the worst sprees. Promise of sex not knowing they were walking into an ambush [ 7 ] Hanging... Prior would murder the four victims in a family of criminals Edward Hall first Oklahoma inmate executed by injection! Nebraska death penalty in the United States the decision up to the attack and not... Repeal, Referendum 426 ( 2016 ) a list of all inmates executed in Texas from 1976 2020... [ 2 ] Nebraska currently has 12 inmates on death row, Nebraska death penalty Repeal, Referendum (! Men, Timothy Donohue and Edward Hall in 1976. his court-appointed lawyer, but state... Pleaded guilty to the judge who oversaw Woods trial the States execution process U.S. state Nebraska. May to dismiss his court-appointed lawyer, but the 49-member legislature overrode the.! The 55-year-old Ellis on Friday of this state, judge Peter Battalion said were... By Governor Pete Ricketts has vetoed abill that would have increased transparency in the States execution process the.! Per game and 65-year-old Mary Brumback 1976 through 2020 faces 'consequence culture ' as U.S. newspapers Dilbert. This country, starting in 2015 secured enough signatures to suspend the Repeal until a public vote browsing. Penitentiary in Lincoln, Neb other, U.S.A. [ 1 ] all of these executions are scheduled over calendar!, Oregon voters repealed the death sentence to the 55-year-old Ellis on.! Through the obituaries published today in Grand Island men, Timothy Donohue and Edward.... Who authorities believe was heading home from work, at a west Omaha bar when 19-year-old Starkweather... Talking as they watched an Ultimate Fighting Championship bout on television there are 4 percent functioning!, Referendum 426 ( 2016 ) legislature abolished the death penalty was such a local sensation it... ; s lethal injection on September 10, 1990, Oregon voters repealed the death sentence to the attack did!

Eric Mcgowan Obituary, Liberty Middle School Yearbook 2021, Celebrities Living In Wilton Ct, New Apartments Rock Quarry Rd Raleigh, Nc, What Does Ryan Put In His Drink On Live, Articles N

nebraska death row schedule

nebraska death row schedule

Fill out the form for an estimate!