While the project may produce some temporary jobs for unemployed people, this project will not be able to create clean energy jobs. From here, it will be sent to different overseas markets. The Keystone pipeline is seen as a way to replace imports of heavy oil-sand crude from Venezuela with more reliable Canadian heavy oil. The surge occurred during a selloff of the price of oil, following the 20212022 global energy crisis. EPA staff perform oil and sediment sampling near Battle Creek, Michigan, after the Kalamazoo spill. When TC Energy said the pipeline would create nearly 119,000 jobs, a State Department report instead concluded the project would require fewer than 2,000 two-year construction jobs and that the number of full-time, permanent jobs would hover around 35 after construction. [48] The pipeline restarted at a reduced operating pressure on April 10 after the U.S. regulator approved the companies corrective actions and plan. [44][45] All facets of the tar sands industry pose a threat to the environment. The tarp represented an oil spill, and many protesters dressed in white jumpsuits covered in black ink, symbolizing oil-covered hazmat suits, laid down upon the tarp. [170] Until Canadian crude oil accesses international prices like LLS or Maya crude oil by "getting to tidewater" (south to the U.S. Gulf ports via Keystone XL for example, west to the BC Pacific coast via the proposed Northern Gateway line to ports at Kitimat, BC or north via the northern hamlet of Tuktoyaktuk, on the Beaufort Sea),[174] the Alberta government is losing from $430 billion in tax and royalty revenues as the primary product of the oil sands, Western Canadian Select (WCS), the bitumen crude oil basket, is discounted so heavily against West Texas Intermediate (WTI) while Maya crude oil, a similar product close to tidewater, is reaching peak prices. [267], An Angus Reid Institute poll, published on March 9, 2017, showed that 48% of respondents across Canada supported the Keystone XL revival, while 33% opposed it, and 20% were uncertain. [65], On November 6, 2015, the Obama administration rejected the Keystone XL pipeline project, citing economic and environmental concerns. [4][5], In January 2014, the U.S. Department of State's (DoS) January 2014 "Final Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement" (SEIS) said that, "because of broader market dynamics and options for crude oil transport in the North American logistics system, the upstream and downstream activities are unlikely to be substantially different whether or not the proposed Project is constructed". [35] [28], The U.S. portion of the Keystone Pipeline included 1,744 kilometres (1,084mi) of new, 30-inch-diameter (760mm) pipeline in North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas, Missouri, and Illinois. [8] This phase generated the greatest controversy because of its routing over the Sandhills in Nebraska. [135] In his book The Pipeline and the Paradigm, Samuel Avery quotes landowner David Daniel in Texas, who claims that TransCanada illegally seized his land via eminent domain by claiming to be a public utility rather than a private firm. [179] Increased oil production in North Dakota has exceeded pipeline capacity since 2010, leading to increasing volumes of crude oil being shipped by truck or rail to refineries. The Midwest has become the center of the debate over pipelines and pipeline politics, but are these concerns justified? Farmers, ranchers, tribes, and conservation groups helped keep the project stalled for Trumps full four years in office, despite his best efforts to expedite its approval. They tried to cover this by making up such. [171][172], Due to a 2011 exemption the state of Kansas gave TransCanada, the local authorities would lose $50million public revenue from property taxes for a decade. It was constructed in 2010 and went online in February 2011.[3]. [72][73] The State Department issued a new Record of Decision on the same factual record as before but now finding that granting the permit to be in the national interest. Fact: It appears that the government review process for Keystone XL has been completely fair. [225], TransCanada claims that they will take 100% responsibility for any potential environmental problems. [8], The leak raised concerns from environmentalists due to the transfer of tar sands through the pipeline, which are more toxic than crude oil and can sink in water. [159], The number of temporary jobs created during the two-year construction of the KXL pipeline has been estimated by proponents to be as high as 20,000, and by independent groups to be as low as 2,000. This is a debate about whether you want to get your oil from Canada or Venezuela or Nigeria. On January 29, 2015, the Keystone XL Pipeline was passed by the Senate 6236. [94][95] In the summary judgment, the judge agreed that the Endangered Species Act was violated, thereby voiding the permit. (For evidence, note the 2010 tar sands oil spill in Kalamazoo River, Michigan, a disaster that cost Enbridge more than a billion dollars in cleanup fees and took six years to settle in court.) [135] As of October 17, 2011, TransCanada had "34 eminent domain actions against landowners in Texas" and "22 in South Dakota". The Natural Resources Defense Council works to safeguard the earth - its people, The Houston Lateral pipeline phase is a 47-mile (76km) pipeline to transport crude oil from the pipeline in Liberty County, Texas, to refineries and terminal in the Houston area. When you sign up you'll become a member of NRDC's Activist Network. [40] Later that year, the South Dakota Public Utilities Commission granted a permit to proceed. [108][109][110], In 2015, President Barack Obama blocked the project, causing TC Energy to instigate a US $15 billion lawsuit under NAFTA. [227], The main issues are the risk of oil spills along the pipeline, which would traverse highly sensitive terrain, and 17% higher greenhouse gas emissions from the extraction of oil sands compared to extraction of conventional oil. [119], In January 2012, Sen. Bernie Sanders (I-Vt.) and Rep. Steve Cohen (D-Tenn.) requested a new report on the environmental review process. There is a long history of opposition to colonialism by indigenous people. On June 9, 2021, TC Energy abandoned plans for the Keystone XL Pipeline. [16] The Keystone XL Pipeline Project (Phase IV) revised proposal in 2012 consists of a new 36-inch (910mm) pipeline from Hardisty, Alberta, through Montana and South Dakota to Steele City, Nebraska, to "transport of up to 830,000 barrels per day (132,000m3/d) of crude oil from the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin in Alberta, Canada, and from the Williston Basin (Bakken) region in Montana and North Dakota, primarily to refineries in the Gulf Coast area". [106] It runs through Nemaha, Brown and Doniphan counties in Kansas and Buchanan, Clinton, Caldwell, Montgomery, Lincoln and St. Charles counties in Missouri, before entering Madison County, Illinois. When the Obama administration refused to grant the cross-border permit necessary to build TC Energys Keystone XL oil pipeline in November 2015, it struck a blow against polluting powers and acknowledged the consensus on this misguided project from a wide swath of communities, experts, and organizations. [173], In 2013, frustrated by delays in getting approval for Keystone XL (via the Gulf of Mexico), the Enbridge Northern Gateway Pipelines (via Kitimat, BC) and the expansion of the existing TransMountain line to Vancouver, Alberta has intensified exploration of two northern projects "to help the province get its oil to tidewater, making it available for export to overseas markets". [30] The original Keystone Pipeline cost US$5.2 billion. After more than 10 years of tenacious protests, drawn-out legal battles, and flip-flopping executive orders spanning three presidential administrations, the Keystone XL pipeline is now gone for good. [29] It also involved construction of 23pump stations and delivery facilities at Wood River, Illinois and Patoka, Illinois. About 588,000 gallons of tar sands crude was released. He states, Our resistance to the Keystone XL pipeline and other tar sand infrastructure is grounded in our inherent right to self-determination as indigenous peoples. Additionally, it should be noted here that Canadian oil sands have been labeled as the dirtiest form of crude oil because of their high carbon content and linked to 8% of global greenhouse gas emissions. [96] This prompted Solicitor General Noel J. Francisco to file an application for stay to the Supreme Court. They then started rising again from late April. (April 10, 2016). [208] The deadline for the decision had "prevented a full assessment of the pipeline's impact". On March 17, 2008, during the final year of the Presidency of George W. Bush, the United States Department of State issued a Presidential Permit authorizing the construction, maintenance and operation of facilities at the United States and Canada border. The mining depletes and pollutes freshwater resources, creates massive ponds of toxic waste, and threatens the health and livelihood of the First Nations people who live near them. I have knowledge of on-page & off-page SEO, Analytics and ads. [214][215] Overall, the EPA rated the SEIS with their category "EO-2" (EO for "environmental objections" and 2 for "insufficient information"). Keystone XL: Myths vs. Facts Keystone XL - the 2,000 mile tar sands pipeline that would stretch from Canada to the Gulf Coast - sparked an escalating debate in recent months, with both sides sparring over the consequences for energy security, jobs, public health and environmental safety. [31] : 147 However, current US president Joe Biden has now opposed the project by canceling permits of this project. This phase was constructed 2013 to 2016 and went online in 2017. [243][244], Pipeline construction could affect water supplies upstream of several Native American reservations, even though the pipeline does not lead through any tribal land. De Souza, Mike. [4] The oil pipeline is owned by TC Energy and the Government of Alberta. It would have sliced through Montana, South Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas and. In 2011, the second phase of Keystone included a 480-kilometre (298mi) extension from Steele City, Nebraska, to Cushing, Oklahoma, and 11new pump stations to increase the capacity of the pipeline from 435,000 to 591,000 barrels (69,200 to 94,000m3) per day. The following year, President Obama said in his speech announcing the rejection of the pipeline on November 6, 2015, that Keystone XL had taken on symbolic importance, "for years, the Keystone pipeline has occupied what I, frankly, consider an overinflated role in our political discourse. Additionally, it will cause havoc on labor organizations and environmentalists looking to address global climate change. Initially, President Obama put this project on hold, but Donald Trump turned it and gave it a green flag. [68] An Angus Reed Institute poll published that week showed that 48% of Canadians supported the revival of the Keystone XL pipeline project. [92], On March 31, 2020, CEO Russ Girling announced that TC Energy "will proceed with construction of the Keystone XL Pipeline" and thanked President Donald Trump, Alberta Premier Jason Kenney, and other government officials for "support and advocacy" for Keystone XL. [202], TransCanada CEO Russ Girling has described the Keystone Pipeline as "routine", noting that TransCanada has been building similar pipelines in North America for half a century and that there were 200,000 miles (320,000km) of similar oil pipelines in the United States in 2011. [184], In the year before the 2012 United States presidential election, McKibben and other activists mounted pressure on then-President Obama, who was running for re-election. The United States' decision to buy less oil from Venezuela is the key reason the. [120][121], In September 2015, Presidential candidate Hillary Clinton publicly expressed her opposition to the Keystone XL, citing concerns about climate change. [74] This proved to be a major setback for TransCanada since they would have "years of new review and legal challenges". In may of 2019, the Sioux Nation held their own public hearing for native, and non-native people to voice their concerns about the Keystone Pipeline. September 29, 2015 TransCanada dropped their lawsuit against Nebraska landowners who had refused permission allowing for pipeline easements on their properties, in order to exercise eminent domain over such use. "[57], On January 22, 2014, the Gulf Coast Extension (Phase III) was completed running 784 kilometres (487mi) from Cushing to refineries at Port Arthur, Texas. Fact: The Midwest has become the center of the debate over pipelines and pipeline politics, but are these concerns justified? [128] Earl Hatley, an environmental activist who has worked with Native American tribes[129] has expressed concern about the environmental and public health impact on Native Americans. The shutdown of the major oil pipeline that carries crude from Canada triggered. On January 9, 2015, the Nebraska Supreme Court cleared the way for construction, and on the same day the House voted in favor of the pipeline. Nation Dec 11, 2022 3:29 PM EST. On March 28, 2017, his State Department illegally approved a cross-border permit for the pipeline, reversing the Obama administrations prior determination that KXL would not serve the national interest. [207], In January 2012, President Obama rejected the application amid protests about the pipeline's impact on Nebraska's environmentally sensitive Sandhills region. Her land was seized by eminent domain. By September 29, 2015, TransCanada (later TC Energy) had dropped the lawsuit and acceded to the authority of elected, five-member Nebraska Public Service Commission, which has the state constitutional authority to approve gas and oil pipelines. [106], The United States section is 2,219 kilometres (1,379mi) long. The revoked permit became the final nail in the pipelines coffin. The proposed Keystone XL extension actually comprised two segments. When industry-friendly politicians took charge of both congressional houses in January 2015, their first order of business was to pass a bill to speed up approval of Keystone XL. The Keystone XL pipeline, which would have expanded an existing system transporting oil from Canada to the Gulf Coast, has been a political and environmental battleground since its conception. It also states that the project will increase the heavy crude oil price in the Midwestern United States by diverting oil sands oil from the Midwest refineries to the Gulf Coast and export markets. What some pipeline advocates think is the "Keystone Pipeline" is a 1,700-mile "shortcut" called Keystone XL, or KXL. [6][16], On January 24, 2017, in his first week in office, President Donald Trump signed a presidential memorandum to revive both Keystone XL pipelines,[70][71] which "would transport more than 800,000 barrels [130,000m3] per day of heavy crude" from Alberta to the Gulf Coast. What Are The 20+ Reindeer Facts For Kids? A September 2013 poll by the Pew Center found 65% favored the project and 30% opposed. [40] Phase 1 went online in June 2010. Natural Resources Defense Council 2023 Privacy Policy The Canadian portion of the pipeline runs from Hardisty, AB, east through Manitoba where it turns south and crosses the border into North Dakota. Also Read: Here Are 30+ Fun Anteater Facts For Kids. In 2009 it bought out ConocoPhillips' shares and revert to being the sole owner. 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