Most African elephants have tusks, but someabout 2 to 6% of females and even fewer malesnever grow them. Posted on 11/01/2021 by 11/01/2021 by This video case study explores whether elephants can detect, interpret, and respond to signals delivered by underground vibrations. Howard Hughes Medical Institute Statistical Data Explorer. The Click & Learn uses ongoing debates about the eligibility of certain female athletes to participate in women's events as an entry point for students to learn the processes involved in human reproductive development. Math.N-Q.A.1, Math.N-Q.A.3, Math.S-IC.3; MP2, MP3, IB Environmental Systems and Societies (2017), Teaching an Online Introductory Biology Lab Using Evolution and Ecology Resources, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International license, Why no tusks? 7. The sex ratio of the offspring of tuskless mothers also indicated that the genetics responsible may be lethal for males. The Making of the Fittest: Natural Selection and Adaptation, The Origin of Species: The Beak of the Finch, Combatting Problem Fatigue Using BioInteractive Case Studies in an AP Environmental Science Course, Exploring Regeneration Using The Planarian, Priming and Prioritizing Facilitated Discussions, Teaching About Infectious Diseases Using the 5E Model, Simplifying Case Studies Using Data Points, HHMI Expands Commitment to Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion, New Online Professional Development Workshops, Introducing a new BioInteractive experience. Create your free account or Sign in to continue. pe*X|Xem&5*d X;d3^"kNIc rH+d ``s2AJn#*d9X;DAge`0?k G As the researchers noted in their study, the generation born after the war had a 33 percent frequency of tusklessness, compared with a 51 percent frequency for the generation that survived the war. Natural Selection Published October 2018 www.BioInteractive.org Page 3 of 6 Activity Student Handout Video Activity 7. After making these observations, Campbell-Staton decided it was time to use a whole-genome analysis to pinpoint the potential genetic factors. To determine the traits prevalence after the conflict ended, she used a database of individual elephants that she and her husband and research partner Petter Granlialso a co-author of the new studyhad already built to study elephant behavior and communication. HS-LS1.A, HS-LS1.B, HS-LS3.B, HS-LS4.ASEP6, SEP8, IST-1.P, IST-1.J, IST-2.E, IST-4.A; SP1, SP2, SP4, SP6, IB Environmental Systems and Societies (2017), Teaching an Online Introductory Biology Lab Using Cellular and Molecular Biology Resources, Desktop App - macOS 10.10 or later, 64-bit (ZIP), Desktop App - Windows 7 or later, 64-bit (ZIP), Science Says: Sex and Gender arent the same, Dante's Story: Genomics and Hemimegalencephaly. Analyze quantitative data in order to make predictions based on evidence. As of 2014, about 350,000 savanna elephants were living in Africa. This is a beautiful study that is certain to become a textbook example of how intense human exploitation of wildlife can rapidly change the natural world, says Jeffrey Good, a mammalian evolutionary geneticist at the University of Montana, who was not involved in the research. This video follows the work of researchers conducting the first census. Nature, in this case at least, seems to be correcting itself. Description This video follows Joyce Poole and other scientists working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, who made the striking observation that many female elephants lack tusks. Description. Analyzing Data on Tuskless Elephants. Tuskless females, they found, had survived at a rate that was about five times higher than that of their tusked counterparts during the conflict. eaht``wC(#U]}I)C Video Activity 7. Please see the Terms of Use for information on how this resource can be used. It seemed simple enoughexcept we drove all day, every day for a week and didnt see a single elephant.. iU Africa, adaptation, Gorongosa, microevolution, scientific methodology, scientific process, selective pressure, trait. Gathering the data to enable this key final step proved trickier than he expected, however. Anatomy & Physiology Scientific Skills & Literacy Click & Learn High School General High School AP/IB College Selection for Tuskless Elephants Explain how the selective pressures on a population may impact the frequencies of phenotypes. Elephant Evolution and Adaptation. keyboard_arrow_up Show footer Elephant tusks are important for obtaining food and water, and essential to male elephants for competing for mates, so one might expect strong natural selection for having tusks. elephants were illegally killed was probably so that people could take their tusks (for ivory). Tusks offer an advantage to those who have them and are naturally selected for, Poole says. 452 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<236583C912FAC64F88BAF3D554E36451>]/Index[415 68]/Info 414 0 R/Length 157/Prev 328511/Root 416 0 R/Size 483/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream Describe how mutations in a variety of genes can affect the development of internal and external sex characteristics. But he found himself sucked into the mystery of tuskless elephants when he watched a YouTube video about the phenomenon. Most African . video until time 1:46 and answer the following questions. 2023 Scientific American, a Division of Springer Nature America, Inc. This interactive module explores examples of how changes in one species can affect species at other trophic levels and ultimately the entire ecosystem. hb```lRB Explore our digital archive back to 1845, including articles by more than 150 Nobel Prize winners. This web tool provides a quick and easy way of visualizing and analyzing data without advanced technological requirements. The Click & Learn uses ongoing debates about the eligibility of certain female athletes to participate in women's events as an entry point . Please see the Terms of Use for information on how this resource can be used. ea`|wC"bSfoxjtZ&T2(i+q,|:m!J@ dP6H EEH6~SlL.3a5, hbbd```b``"WH&. lz`f1,f u d Vi 2D7e@l( XDrG;".|`10H-v9Pl=0 u To learn more about the problems facing African elephants and their recovery in Gorongosa National Park, watch these two BioInteractive Scientists at Work videos: the first minute of The Great Elephant Census and all of Selection for Tuskless Elephants. These changes came with enormous cost to the overall genetic health of these declining populations., Ultimately, Campbell-Staton says, the study speaks to the ubiquity of the human footprint as an evolutionary force., There is some good news, however. HHMI is investing in increasing racial, ethnic, and gender diversity in academic science to create environments in which everyone can thrive. Researchers created the model in Figure 1 using data from cell fractionation studies. Real science, real stories, and real data to engage students in exploring the living world. 255 0 obj <> endobj Researchers have pinpointed how years of civil war and poaching in Mozambique have led to more elephants that will never develop tusks. ;X2ELb/6-qRrT3p0=qb3]1#>7}}2D/Q 59E ,;! More than 30 years later, she finally may have her answer. This interactive module explores the diversity of viruses based on structure, genome type, host range, transmission mechanism, replication cycles, and vaccine availability. Why Do Some People with the Sickle Cell Genotype Not Have Symptoms? Provide evidence-based reasoning that uses available data to support a scientific claim. Students apply what they have learned to evaluate the results of different tests that have been used throughout sports history to qualify female athletes to compete. %%EOF (The first six weeks, as well as the culminating project . This film describes natural selection and adaptation in populations of rock pocket mice living in the American Southwest. Its something I had puzzled over for so long, says Poole, co-founder and scientific director of ElephantVoices, a nonprofit science and conservation organization. In this video, biologist Shane Campbell-Staton walks through the steps of collecting DNA samples from elephants in Gorongosa National Park and how he plans to analyze their DNA sequences.For more information and related materials, visit HHMI BioInteractive:https://www.biointeractive.org/classroom-resources/genetics-tusklessness-elephants Knowledge awaits. We know we have a lot of work to do to address racial inequities in science teaching. Introduction The following statement reflects our current and specific actions. By watching segments of this video, students will follow the analyses and discoveries of Joyce Poole, a scientist who has studied elephants for many years. AQ` n& The human immune system is made up of many cells, organs, and tissues. Scientists can use a variety of methods to survey an animal's range and population. This interactive module explores how different animals elephants, birds, and bats have evolved distinct ways of using sound to communicate. 293 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<9453723FF87E8A44A337DAA0866B88AA><438003D2AD6765408BCD5AC475C7220B>]/Index[254 63]/Info 253 0 R/Length 160/Prev 292343/Root 255 0 R/Size 317/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream This interactive video explores how scientists identify which bat populations are infected with Nipah virus and could transmit the virus to humans. Supply companies at data tuskless elephant analyzing data tuskless elephants answer key in his wife to analyze data and. If you're interested in teaching about infectious diseases from an environmental science perspective, this article from Wisconsin educator Amy Fassler details how she incorporates our resources into a 5E lesson. Most African elephants have tusks, but some never grow them especially in places that have a history of poaching, like Gorongosa National Park. All workshops are online, facilitated by Ambassadors, and include opportunities to interact with our resources and learn from other educators. If you're interested in using facilitated discussions to promote scientific literacy and empower students to make evidence-based decisions, this article from professor Holly Basta details how she restructured her course to promote student questioning and talk. This activity explores images of elephants with and without tusks, which serve as phenomena for learning about selection and human impacts on the frequency of traits within populations. This interactive module explores how different animals elephants, birds, and bats have evolved distinct ways of using sound to communicate. a. In this study, scientists used DNA profiling to determine where ivory seized from poachers had originated. Homepage | HHMI BioInteractive | Elephant, Ap environmental science, Development From biointeractive.org Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants This activity builds on information presented in the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. Tusklessness, according to a new paper in Science, can be attributed in large part to a dominant mutation on the X chromosome a genetic change that also explains the sex skew Poole saw. Determine whether scientific results confirm or contradict a hypothesis. Not only do animals die due to poaching, but there is also additional decline because half of the male offspring from the surviving tuskless mothers do not survive., Good agrees that the findings are alarming. 2. Suggest some ways to reduce the number of elephants that are illegally killed each year. Explore the methods scientists use to survey elephants. endstream endobj startxref Data Points are useful resources that use figures from the primary literature and guided sets of supporting questions. Poole, who is a co-author on the new paper, combed through old natural history films and amateur videos to estimate the prevalence of tusklessness prior to the war. Using those samples, they identified candidate regions in the genome that, when mutated, seemed to explain tusklessness and its apparent male lethality. It also includes a library of ready-to-use videos with embedded questions. To prevent his AP Environmental Science students from having "problem fatigue," Florida educator Scott Sowell focuses on how environmental solutions are developed, justified, implemented, and evaluated. Not all downloadable documents for the resource may be available in this format. hbbd```b``"wH&NQ fg`5jz XX$^feN3)R@1y"A9m v \`@=`6/Af Zl "30 0 r endstream endobj 255 0 obj <. In this activity, students engage in key science practices that scientists used to figure out ecosystem dynamics in the Serengeti. Genetics Evolution Scientific Skills & Literacy Scientists at Work High School General High School AP/IB College Students will then analyze data to investigate the impact of human activity, namely poaching, on elephant populations. The immune system responds to pathogens in two main ways: innate and adaptive immune responses. Watch the . This activity guides students through learning and using key scientific terms, culminating in the creation of a customizable diagram. +A,2k]lJ^G@R`Y0~8!CNC!MM5V_.0mLt(P1Gh9 k1]8Ay0 Ik@ +Xndi) g[! Poachers, she knew, prioritized elephants with the largest tusks. Most African elephants have tusks, but some never grow them especially in places that have a history of poaching, like Gorongosa National Park. Such a deep genetic understanding of complex evolutionary changes in large free-ranging animals would have been unobtainable just a few years ago.. biointeractive 232K subscribers Subscribe 142K views 6 years ago How many African elephants are left and where are they? Using Pooles database, they further confirmed that, with a single exception, female elephants with two tusks had never been observed to have a tuskless baby. The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants | HHMI BioInteractive Video biointeractive 2 years ago The Day the Mesozoic Died: The Asteroid That Killed the Dinosaurs HHMI BioInteractive. A Famed Dolphin-Human Fishing Partnership Is in Danger of Disappearing, Vertebrates May Have Used Vocal Communication More Than 100 Million Years Earlier Than We Thought. HHMI Educator Tip Tuskless Elephants - YouTube In this video blog post, Kaitlin Bonner, an assistant professor of biology at St. John Fisher College in Rochester, NY, explains how she uses. Explain how the selective pressures on a population may impact the frequencies of phenotypes. This activity guides the analysis of a published scientific figure from a study involving illegal elephant poaching. Keep up with the latest from BioInteractive! Scientists . The first six weeks of the 15-week laboratory portion were conducted in a synchronous virtual format, using BioInteractive materials to teach the basic skills necessary to start the ethogram project. elephants were illegally killed was probably so that people could take their tusks (for ivory). Most African elephants have tusks, but some about 2% to 6% of females and even fewer males never grow them. II. v0E H+1Q` d There was a huge skew in the sex ratio, with very few adult males. 6. Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephant www.BioInteractive.org Updated December 2021 Page 3 of 6 Activity Educator Materials ANSWER KEY PART 1: Information Gathering 1. 0 What did Dr. Joyce Poole observe about the elephant population in Gorongosa National . Answers Biointeractive Hhmi - Effebi.biella.it. 0 video until time 1:46 and answer the following questions. %PDF-1.6 % In particular, they often are missing their upper lateral incisorsthe anatomical equivalent of tusks in elephants. One type of evidence they use is genetic data. Instead of having sons and daughters at an equal proportion, tuskless mothers gave birth to daughters roughly two thirds of the time. Resume watching the video until 415 0 obj <> endobj This film explores four decades of research on the evolution of Galpagos finches, which has illuminated how species form and diversify. We were going to drive around at Gorongosa, spot an elephant, see if the elephant had tusks or not, wait for the elephant to poop and then collect its DNA, he says. !: H3d -:Cg Zf d1 Poaching tips scales of elephant evolution, The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants, Using Genetic Evidence to Identify Ivory Poaching Hotspots, Using Data to Investigate Elephant Evolution, Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants, Allele and Phenotype Frequencies in Rock Pocket Mouse Populations, Color Variation Over Time in Rock Pocket Mouse Populations, Look Who's Coming for Dinner: Selection by Predation, The Making of the Fittest: Natural Selection and Adaptation, Developing an Explanation for Mouse Fur Color, Simulating Evolution of a Rock Pocket Mouse Population. endstream endobj 256 0 obj <. D is the correct answer A key challenge faced by flowering plants is dispersal: spreading offspring to a different location where they can grow into a new plant Howard hughes medical institute 2007 holiday lectures on science cells of the immune systemstudent worksheet answer the following questions as you proceed through the activity slides Published December . Look up the definition of the term poaching and summarize your understanding of what it means in the space below. Hhmi Biointeractive Answer Key. The researchers first needed to determine whether it was actually the selection from poaching that led to a disproportionate number of tuskless individuals or if it was just some fluke of chance that emerged as the population crashed. Thanks for reading Scientific American. 6. 2. Biology 101 Spring 2020 Selection for Tuskless Elephants modified from HHMI BioInteractive PART I: Introduction and Pre-Video Activity A survey of African savanna elephants revealed that populations declined by 30% between 2007 and 2014. In this activity, students work with authentic research data to explore the impact of poaching on African elephants. Poaching is selecting for tuskless elephants, which are more likely to survive, mate, and pass on their genes. II. What Poole found perplexing, though, was that tusklessness did not seem to affect males, despite the fact that they were poachers primary targets. Most immune cells develop from stem cells in the bone marrow. Analyzing Data on Tuskless Elephants Pre-Video Activity 1. Pooles observationswhich were used a few months later to support a ban on international ivory tradewere alarming, but they mostly made sense. Poaching is artificially selecting for tuskless elephants who can better survive, mate, and pass on their genes to the next generation. Key Concepts. %PDF-1.6 % Selection for Tuskless Elephants. Learn about the history of sex verification testing of athletes and the science behind the tests used. Planarians can be used to investigate a variety of biological phenomena like animal behavior, mitosis, taxonomy, and more. endstream endobj startxref Gorongosa National Park, students will watch and answer questions about two BioInteractive Scientists at Work videos: the first minute of The Great Elephant Census to learn about poaching, and the entire Selection for Tuskless Elephants video to complete the rest of the activity. View details . Most African elephants have tusks, but some about 2% to 6% of females and even fewer males never grow them. In this inquiry-based activity, students engage in science practices to figure out why some people with a genetic condition that usually leads to sickle cell disease do not have disease symptoms. In Gorongosa National Park, Poole found that among the older female elephants that survived a period of heavy poaching in the park, over 50% are tuskless. 292 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<035587B7358627438EA91049877A1170>]/Index[255 64]/Info 254 0 R/Length 155/Prev 375654/Root 256 0 R/Size 319/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream endstream endobj startxref Analyzing Data On Tuskless Elephants - HHMI BioInteractive Analyze quantitative data in order to make predictions based on evidence. This video follows Joyce Poole and other scientists working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, who made the striking observation that many female elephants lack tusks. 318 0 obj <>stream 482 0 obj <>stream In this activity, students collect and analyze evidence for each of the major conditions for evolution by natural selection to develop an explanation for how populations change over time. This activity guides the analysis of a published scientific figure from a study that measured species population declines on a global scale. It is important to track how many elephants are left and where they live to help protect them. Additionally, disruptions to the same region of the X chromosome in humans is associated with a syndrome that usually causes male fetuses to abort in the second trimester. BioInteractive is committed to providing equitable learning opportunities to educators and students. The study shows that tuskless male elephant offspring are not viable, meaning that population decline is accentuated, Pelletier says. %PDF-1.5 % The module also shows how mutations in genes that encode cell cycle regulators can lead to the development of cancer. The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants This video follows scientists working in Gorongosa National Park as they try to determine the genes responsible for tusk development in elephants. This interactive, modular lab explores the evolution of the anole lizards in the Caribbean through data collection and analysis. This Click & Learn shows that keystone species exist across a variety of ecosystems and can exert their influence in different ways. Discover tools to help plan lessons and opportunities to support professional learning. IB Environmental Systems and Societies (2017). This data-driven activity accompanies the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. This video follows Joyce Poole and other scientists working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, who made the observation that many female elephants lack tusks. Most of the elephants killed naturally did have tusks. %%EOF Scientific Explanation of Evolution by Natural Selection. As you watch the videos, complete the questions from the "Task 1" handout. Shane Campbell-Staton of Princeton University, co-lead author of the new paper, has spent his career studying the ways that humans force such evolutionary changes across the tree of life. Campbell-Staton and his co-first author, Brian Arnold of Princeton, were able to join forces with the other researchers to collect blood samples from 18 femalessome with tusks and some withoutthat would meet the genomic requirements for the project. Follow Nuwer on Twitter @RachelNuwerCredit: Nick Higgins. In 1989, when elephant ethologist Joyce Poole began carrying out surveys of three East African elephant populations to understand the impact that heavy poaching was having on them, she quickly noted several stark trends. Some prevent pathogens from entering the body, and some attack pathogens already inside the body. Continue reading with a Scientific American subscription. Among the younger females, who were born after this period of heavy poaching, 33% are tuskless. Tusklessness, according to a new paper in Science, can be attributed in large part to a dominant mutation on the X chromosomea genetic change that also explains the sex skew Poole saw. No rights are granted to use HHMIs or BioInteractives names or logos independent from this Resource or in any derivative works. Selection for Tuskless Elephants. Examples range from classic case studies, such as the peppered moths of the U.K. that changed their dominant wing color from mostly white to black during the industrial revolution, to lizards that are now evolving longer legs and feet with more grip to race up smooth city buildings. This video follows scientists working in Gorongosa National Park as they try to determine the genes responsible for tusk development in elephants. This interactive module explores the phases, checkpoints, and protein regulators of the cell cycle. PART 2: Video Activity . The Resource Google Folder link directs to a Google Drive folder of resource documents in the Google Docs format. endstream endobj 416 0 obj <. rev-a-shelf 6942-28-11-52; stride rite sandals baby girl; five spice beef noodle soup Developing an Explanation for Mouse Fur Color, A Genetic Treatment for Sickle Cell Disease, Vertebrate Declines and the Sixth Mass Extinction, Learning Scientific Language with a Graphic Organizer. This study is among the first to show that selective killing of large vertebrates can have a direct impact on evolutionary change, says Fanie Pelletier, an ecologist at the University of Sherbrooke in Quebec, who co-authored a perspective piece in Science about the research. It engages students in analyzing data to make evidence-based claims about the occurrence of tusklessness in elephant populations. Meat Only: 19 b. Tusks Only: 75 c. Meat and Tusks: 27 4. Use evidence-based predictions to explain how a population changes over time due to human impacts. a. Among the younger females, who were born after this period of heavy poaching, 33% are tuskless.For more short films and resources on elephants, visit http://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/elephants Poaching tips scales of elephant evolution, The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants, Using Genetic Evidence to Identify Ivory Poaching Hotspots, Using Data to Investigate Elephant Evolution, Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants, Moth Mimicry: Using Ultrasound to Avoid Bats. This tool can be used to add pause points, questions, and labels to any BioInteractive video. Elephants with large tusks are targeted by poachers, who sell the tusks on the ivory market. 316 0 obj <>stream 3. a. This interactive module explores the biology of sex determination and development in humans, set against the backdrop of the different sex testing policies implemented throughout sports history. Learning Objectives & Practices: ERT-2.A, ERT-2.H, EIN-4.C, SP5, SP6, ELA.RST.9-12.7, ELA.WHST.9-12.1 Explain how characteristics associated with biological sex may affect athletic performance. Answers may vary. Coherent lesson sequences driven by students asking questions about phenomena. Perri Carr describes how she uses BioInteractives elephant resources to teach concepts ranging from biotechnology to genetics to ecology and conservation. In this article from professor Karen Avery, see how she uses this unassuming model organism to teach concepts in cellular biology and genetics. %%EOF Their current rate of decline is 8% per year, primarily due to illegal killing called poaching. The frequency of tusklessness, the team found, increased from about 18.5 percent before the war to 50.9 percent after. biointeractive 231K subscribers Subscribe 1.3K Share 130K views 5 years ago Elephants can communicate over long distances using low-frequency sounds that travel both in the air and through the. Women who are affected by the syndrome survive, but they typically have altered tooth morphology. Answers may vary. Elephants with large tusks are targeted by poachers who sell the tusks on the ivory market. Hear how experienced science educators are using BioInteractive resources with their students. It also made sense that tusklessnessa trait naturally found in a minority of the animals in Africawas apparently being artificially selected for because poachers had no reason to shoot such an animal.
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